Showing posts with label peak oil. Show all posts
Showing posts with label peak oil. Show all posts

Energy and American Society - Thirteen Myths Review

Energy and American Society - Thirteen Myths
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Energy and American Society - Thirteen Myths ReviewThis is an excellent introduction to real energy issues, written by experts, with many useful references for further study. Energy mythinformation (inadvertent or otherwise) propagates all too easily, and this book does a good job of debunking the common myths.
Anyone involved in policies regarding energy&climate change should be familiar with this material, and that includes ordinary citizens, especially those who might care about the US economy and environment seen by any grandchildren.
I'd summarize the book as saying:
a) We face serious problems, as we *will* run out cheap oil, and then cheap gas [look up "Peak Oil" in Wikipedia], and if we keep burning coal without sequestering CO2, we will push the planet into a much hotter state with serious economic downsides. Right now, the US economy depends on cheap oil, and of course, it might be better not to be selling off big chunks of the US economy to other countries to feed our oil habit forever.
b) However, we actually have pretty good solutions for many of the problems, mostly without requiring magic technology leaps. There is no one silver bullet, but a myriad of small actions to be taken to stop wasting energy, many of which actually save money right away.
c) Most of the actions required are actually policy choices, with help from widespread use of existing technologies, plus rational R&D investments. Low electicity-per-capita use in some states has been achieved with no obvious economic catastrophes. [Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island, and California are not usually considered poor places.] Of course, we have much further to go, but in many cases, it really is a matter of choosing to do the right things.
The editors provide an introduction and summary bookending 13 myth discussions by (mostly) other authors. Following is a list of the 13 myths, with comments on a few of the chapters:
1. Today's Energy Crisis is "Hype"
2. The Public is Well Informed About Energy
3. High Land Requirements and an Unfavorable Energy Balance Preclude Biomass Ethanol from Playing a Large Role in Providing Energy Services
- This is an especially important chapter, as the topic engenders much confusion. Not all biofuels need be from corn, and there is more land available than many think.
4. The Hydrogen Economy is A Panacea
- Dr. Joseph Romm shows why hydrogen (especially for vehicles) is a long way off, if ever, compared to PHEV/FF (plug-in-electric-vehicles with flex-fuels). He shows why research is appropriate, but not spending huge $$ for premature deployment, especially to the detriment of truly useful steps doable much sooner.
I also his recommend Joe's website http://climateprogress.org/, and his book Hell and High Water: Global Warming--the Solution and the Politics--and What We Should Do.
5. Price Signals are Insufficient to Induce Efficient Energy Investments
6. The Barriers to New and Innovative Energy Technologies are Primarily Technical:
- The Case for Distributed Generation
- In many ways, distributed generation of electricity would be more efficient, but power companies are geared for centralized generation, even with expensive long-distance distribution.
7. Renewable Energy Systems Could Never meet Growing Electricity Demand in America
8. Worldwide Power Systems are Economically and Environmentally Optimal
- Tom Casten and Robert Ayres show how far off we are, illustrating the efficiencies gotten with waste-energy recycling / cogeneration ... that are strongly inhibited by regulatory issues and market distortions, compared with places like Denmark or The Netherlands, etc. See Casten's website: http://www.recycled-energy.com/index.html
9. Energy Efficiency Improvements have Already Reached Their Potential
- Amory Lovins shows why not, why "negawatts" are really cost-effective, and why nuclear plants don't seem very cost-effective compared to other options. I especially liked his description of his Rocky Mountain house that lacks a conventional heating system, but whose design cuts heat losses to within 1% of various free heat gains. "The last 1% can come from a 50-watt dog, adjustable to 100W by throwing a ball..."
10. Energy Efficiency Measures are Unreliable, Unpredictable, and Unenforceable
11. Energy R&D Investment Takes Decades to Reach the Market
12. Climate Policy will Bankrupt the US Economy
- California is pretty aggressive on this, because we have to be, as all the impacts of global warming will cost us money. Nevertheless, California is hardly poor, and we expect that reworking our infrastructure for energy efficiency, and heading towards minimal use of fossil fuels as early as we can, will only make us more competitive in the face of increasing oil costs.
13. Developing Countries are Not Doing Their Part in Responding to Concerns about Climate Change
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This is a very useful book. I expect to study many chapters in further depth and chase down references.
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The Transition Timeline: For a Local, Resilient Future Review

The Transition Timeline: For a Local, Resilient Future
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The Transition Timeline: For a Local, Resilient Future ReviewI had extremely high hopes when I ordered this book and I was quite disappointed. I expected something in the way of suggestions for a community blueprint, even a rough draft, of how my city and county could organize to face post-peak oil and climate change. Something like: Do "A" first because that's the most important, while you plan "B" and scout "C." Instead, I was told that nearly everything will have to change, yesterday, and that I should get my community together to figure it out for ourselves. (There are some suggestions for games and role playing and visioning exercises for one's group to use in the process, which is something, I suppose.)
While author Shawn Chamberlin talks about timelines and projections of declining fuel availability, predictions of temperature rise, the dire consequences of failure to change ... and more -- with excellent graphs and lots of pertinent quotes -- what he does not provide is a transition timeline for a local, resilient future.
That said, if you haven't been paying attention to the issues of global climate change and diminished availability of liquid fuels [where HAVE you been?] you can learn a lot from this volume. Some of Chamberlin's examples are extremely apt: for instance, if you want to get a sense of how much energy you are harnessing when you drive your car ... get out and push it. Technological humans utilize the equivalent of thousands of energy slaves each year and the future world is going to have to run without them.
Chamberlin cites research which indicates that bio-fuels cannot possibly fill the gap (and are already affecting food prices); that solar and wind cannot come online fast enough to pick up the slack; that (fortunately) tapping marginal dirty sources like tar sands are so energy- and water-intensive that they will not be used in vast quantities (and cannot, in any case, be ramped up fast enough to replace sweet crude); that we are, in short, in a hell of a pickle.
Then to cheer us up a bit he notes that the IPCC estimates on warming are extremely conservative and have already been proved wrong as the planet heats up and the arctic melts faster than predicted. To top that off, the IPCC only looks at warming through 2100 and even if we hit their best case goals, the folks in the next century will be in extremely dire trouble. Moreover, even the politicians that "get it" aren't doing much and surely not enough. But, three generations' delay is better than none, and I couldn't agree more with his concluding note: In a situation this perilous I have no choice but to give it my all. Doing less than my best for this planet and its life forms is simply not an ethical option.The Transition Timeline: For a Local, Resilient Future Overview

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Transport Revolutions: Moving People and Freight Without Oil Review

Transport Revolutions: Moving People and Freight Without Oil
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Transport Revolutions: Moving People and Freight Without Oil ReviewThis book is very readable and on target, also fully footnoted. Informed by Peak Oil in addition to global warming, the academic authors prescribe a tonic of electric rail to head off our coming woes.
This means high speed rail between cities to replace many road trips and most short haul air travel, plus urban rail systems to get around in metropolitan areas. But it also includes electric trolley buses and electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles, including trucks. Reason: electric vehicles are not only efficient, but the electricity may come from a variety of renewable sources.
However they seem to have gone overboard in regard to "grid connected vehicles" when they prescribe Personal Rapid Transit. The problem here is that PRT is mostly just a concept, backed by highly questionable simulations and cost estimates. Experts who look at the fundamentals see costs that vastly outweigh the benefits, except in very limited circumstances, such as at Heathrow. And with big declines in air travel projected, even the airport application of PRT needs to be questioned.
But Gilbert and Perl are right on target when they say that the first order of business, whether in the US or China, is to stop digging ourselves deeper in the the fossil fuel hole. An example now gaining currency in the US would be "no new general purpose freeway lanes". Another is to stop all airport expansions.
Given the vast waste and luxury in US society, the US could certainly afford the $1 trillion cost that they project for the high speed train network. But finding the political will is another matter, as the costs of food and fuel skyrocket and credit bubbles burst and wars drain resources, leaving economic decline in their wake.
Nevertheless, we need more academics joining activists to tell the world that is is what needs to be done.
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