Showing posts with label genocide. Show all posts
Showing posts with label genocide. Show all posts

Left To Tell: Discovering God Amidst the Rwandan Holocaust Review

Left To Tell: Discovering God Amidst the Rwandan Holocaust
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Left To Tell: Discovering God Amidst the Rwandan Holocaust ReviewAs a survivor of the genocide of Rwanda, this book reminded me of my own ordeal during the genocide. At first I was angry with Immaculee when I read the summary of her book, how can she forgive? Then when I started reading the book, I understood, I couldn't put it down, I couldn't stop crying, so many feelings that I thought existed only during that time, came back, I felt a lot of thirst, my mouth dry as well, my heart beating very fast...however at the end of the book I felt that something great have happened to me, a HEALING. I felt an excitment to live and to dream again, to stop living in the past, it reminded me that we are all God's children and that there's always HOPE.
Thank you Immaculee, God worked through you!
Left To Tell: Discovering God Amidst the Rwandan Holocaust Overview

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Rocky road to democracy: A struggle with legacy of two totalitarian regimes Review

Rocky road to democracy: A struggle with legacy of two totalitarian regimes
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Rocky road to democracy: A struggle with legacy of two totalitarian regimes ReviewThis paper discusses history of Czechoslovakia with respect to its democratic development. During its short history, it became part of two totalitarian states, first it became a Protectorate of the Nazi Germany, and after the WW2 it fell into the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union. It is interesting to see how it happened that Czechoslovakia emerged on the winning side and became part of the Soviet Block. The book is brief and contains large number of references.
CONSTITUTION & DEMOCRACY: This section contains overview of constitutional development, including origins of these documents. Czechoslovakia was a result of President Wilson's effort to recognize smaller nations as partners; and such it emerged from the WW1 as a newly established national state carved out from the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. The 1920 Constitution written by Prof Hoetzel was mainly based on the Constitution of the U.S.A., December Constitution of the Austrian Hungarian Empire, and Constitution of the Third French Republic. First serious constitutional crisis occurred in 1938/9, after the Munich crisis, which then President Benes resolved by abdication. New President, Hacha, was elected before establishment of the Nazi Protectorate. Critical incident decision-making is discussed in this section in an attempt to understand behavior of key figures. Series of international agreements was signed by the exile government of Edvard Benes in London, and after the war before the elections of May 1946. Constitutional vacuum between 1945 and 1948 is seen as a key condition of violence relating to post-war atrocities in Czechoslovakia.
KEY POINTS FROM HISTORY: This section contains critical incidents from the history of Czechoslovakia in relation to their impact on democratic development. Attention is paid to victimization and marginalization of two important figures of Czechoslovak pre-war political scene, Radola Gajda and Milan Rastislav Stefanik. Abdication of Edvard Benes and consent with establishment of Protectorate signed under duress by Hacha created very difficult legal situation for anti-Nazi resistance, both domestic and foreign. This is compared to the situation in Lithuania, where President Smetona refused to approve Russian demands with his signature and fled the country. Shortly after the war, before the conference in Potsdam, several hundred thousands of civilians were slaughtered and about 3 million expelled in a wave of national revenge which was legally grounded in the Presidential Decrees. Agreements signed by the exile government of Edvard Benes during the war are presented in detail, and full text of the most important ones is also enclosed as Appendix. The impact of the so-called Kosice government program from April 1945 on post-war development is discussed as well. After the Communist coup in 1948, the new government launched terror against various groups of population. In 1960's, the regime relaxed its grip until the Soviet invasion of 1968. After the Velvet revolution of 1989, the country had to cope with legacies of the past, including devastating effects of long-term oppression on behavior of the population.
ELECTORAL SYSTEM and THE POWER OF MEDIA: Suffrage, voting power, and electoral system are presented very briefly just to explain the most relevant constraints, explained on the example of non-communist candidate Pavel Wonka, who died in prison after his attempt to run for a public office. Language barrier, spreading of misinformation and exploitation of unlawfully obtained secret recordings for coercion are seen as the most important constraints in development toward democracy.
CONDITIONS OF POLYARCHAL DEMOCRACY: This part compares the current situation in the Czech Republic to the principles of polyarchal democracy as defined by Dahl: elected representation; free, fair, and frequent elections; alternative sources of information; freedom of expression; associational autonomy; and inclusive citizenship.
CONCLUSION: Statistically, the biggest cause of civilian deaths is an authoritarian government. The system can have many formal characteristics of a democracy, and be in fact a ruthless despotic regime with high level of democide.Rocky road to democracy: A struggle with legacy of two totalitarian regimes Overview

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Genocide in the Middle East: The Ottoman Empire, Iraq, and Sudan Review

Genocide in the Middle East: The Ottoman Empire, Iraq, and Sudan
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Genocide in the Middle East: The Ottoman Empire, Iraq, and Sudan ReviewThe reviews are in, and they suggest that the book is a comprehensive and revealing account of genocide in our time:
"In Genocide in the Middle East, Hannibal Travis breaks new ground in genocide studies by unveiling the full panoply of genocidal processes in the Middle East and West Asia as no previous scholar has. But he does much more: in terms of its twentieth and twenty-first-century coverage, this is simply the most expansive, detailed, and up-to-date history of genocide we possess." -- Adam Jones, Associate Professor, Political Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan, and author of Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction (London: Routledge, 2006)
"Eyewitness accounts and diplomatic reports are effectively interwoven with other documentary evidence and academic research to produce a very thorough and disturbing portrait of this history." -- Mark Welton, Professor, Department of Law, United States Military Academy
"The comprehensive research is breath-takingly evident. This historical account of the lesser know genocidal conflicts is incredibly revealing. Perhaps the best thing one could say about this book is that the familiar adage--'Those who ignore history are bound to repeat it'--reverberates throughout this intensely engaging volume." -- American Society for International Law, UN21 Newsletter
"This ambitious book in its research and coverage tells a sorry tale of mankind's inhumanity and intolerance over millennia of genocidal deeds and rhetoric. A fast-moving narrative reaches from biblical times to Darfur, describing tragic events accompanied by selective quotations from their participants and observers. Genocide may be a recently invented term, but its occurrences based on a variety of causes and reasons seem to have been a deep part of the human experience of group interactions." -- Henry Steiner, Professor of Law, Emeritus, Harvard Law School, and co-author, International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, Morals (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 3d ed. 2007)
With an epic historical sweep, "Genocide in the Middle East: The Ottoman Empire, Iraq, and Sudan," reveals how the struggles by nations and empires to establish their regional supremacy resulted in the destruction of families and human groups. This book presents a new theory of the meaning and scope of the U.N. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1948, based on the drafting history, the case law of international criminal tribunals, and practice of the states parties to the convention since the 1950s. It then paints an expansive portrait of genocide against populations on all six inhabitable continents, with a special focus on the greater Middle East and North Africa since the nineteenth century. In the Ottoman Empire, the Interior Minister issued orders describing the Armenian, Assyrian, and Greek subjects of the empire as saboteurs allied to Russia who needed to be deported from their homes, and led efforts to massacre entire cities, carry out systematic rapes, and impose famine and disease on the surviving remnants. Similarly, in 1980s Iraq the Revolutionary Command Council of the Ba'ath party issued orders that served as the basis of convictions for genocide and other crimes in the Iraqi High Tribunal. These orders declared that areas serving as a base of operations for Kurdish and pro-Iranian insurgents should be rendered devoid of all life. Finally, in the Darfur region of Sudan, as in southern Sudan before it, the President and Interior Minister issued orders to the army and allied militia to kill and drive out entire communities in regions seeking independence, autonomy, or simply political equality. This book also provides cause for hope, explaining how former dictators have been tried and convicted of genocide and crimes against humanity, and how their victims have won independence and compensation for their losses after the fact in places like Armenia, Israel, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, northern Iraq, East Timor, and southern Sudan.Genocide in the Middle East: The Ottoman Empire, Iraq, and Sudan Overview

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