Showing posts with label cyberlaw. Show all posts
Showing posts with label cyberlaw. Show all posts

Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering (Information Revolution and Global Politics) Review

Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering (Information Revolution and Global Politics)
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Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering (Information Revolution and Global Politics) ReviewThis is a beautifully put together book in terms of brains, content, presentation, and coverage.
An edited work, with ten primary authors, it actually reflects the collaborative efforts of an international network of collaborators, and can safely be considered the seminal basic reference on this topic.
The first 150 pages include an introduction and six chapters, on measuring global internet filtering, the politics and mechanisms of
control, tools and technology for filtering, filtering and the international system, corporate filtering, and ethics. The rest of the book, 285 pages, is taken up by regional overviews and then country-specific summaries of filtering policy.
The motives for filtering are three: politics & power; social norms & morals, and security concerns.
Two types of filtering occur: announced, and disguised. Announced filters show a blocking page, unannounced filters pretend there was an error. Blocking anc be of entire sites, or specific pages identified by keywords.
The eye-opener for me was that filtering is not just on content, but on capability. Skype and Google Earth are two of the primary capabilities that are being denied to the people around the world by repressive ignorant governments who would rather have perpetual poverty than allow the people to leverage every aspect of the Internet including free global communications.
This is a first class intellectual, social, economic, and political contribution to the literature.
I recommend the following ten books along with this one:
The leadership of civilization building: Administrative and civilization theory, symbolic dialogue, and citizen skills for the 21st century
The Big Switch: Rewiring the World, from Edison to Google
The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty Through Profits (Wharton School Publishing Paperbacks)
The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom
The Web of Inclusion: Architecture for Building Great Organizations
The Ingenuity Gap: Facing the Economic, Environmental, and Other Challenges of an Increasingly Complex and Unpredictable Future
Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom
The Pirate's Dilemma: How Youth Culture Is Reinventing Capitalism
The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies
Collective Intelligence: Creating a Prosperous World at PeaceAccess Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering (Information Revolution and Global Politics) Overview

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Protocol Politics: The Globalization of Internet Governance (Information Revolution and Global Politics) Review

Protocol Politics: The Globalization of Internet Governance (Information Revolution and Global Politics)
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Protocol Politics: The Globalization of Internet Governance (Information Revolution and Global Politics) ReviewEven for those of us [me] who have used the Internet for decades, DeNardis has provided a nice favour by analysing how it has changed as a result of immense success and growth. The book largely revolves around the transition from IPv4 to IPv6. The latter was first proposed around 1991, just before the Web, when Internet usage really took off. But already in 91, net experts foresaw a day when the 4 billion address space of v4 would be exhausted. Hence the first proposals for IPng, which would become relabelled as IPv6.
The biggest demand is from the continued industrialising of developed countries, especially China and India. The continued distribution of v4 addresses would increasingly be seen as inequitable, and styming their growth.
The book describes stop gap solutions that have thus far reduced the end date of v4 address exhaustion. Notably has been NAT - Network Address Translation. But all this just delays an inevitable.
When will that be? The book shies away from providing a date. It explains that currently only some 0.3% of Internet usage is v6; all the rest is v4. Many deadlines have come and gone, often imposed top down by governments like Japan, Korea and Europe. The difficulties of transitioning from a global network of v4 and v6 nodes to just v6 seem hard. The book suggests that one trigger might be that actual exhaustion. While another possibility could be a killer app that needs v6.
Interestingly, the book points out that the purported increased security of v6, via IPSec, is not strictly confined to v6. IPSec has now been ported to v4. Ironically, the current low usage of IPSec under v6 has meant that there could be holes in it not found by sufficient testing and usage.
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Networks and States: The Global Politics of Internet Governance (Information Revolution and Global Politics) Review

Networks and States: The Global Politics of Internet Governance (Information Revolution and Global Politics)
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Networks and States: The Global Politics of Internet Governance (Information Revolution and Global Politics) ReviewMilton Mueller's "Networks and States: The Global Politics of Internet Governance," continues his exploration of the forces shaping Internet policy across the globe. What Mueller is doing in his work in this book and elsewhere is becoming the early chronicler of the unfolding Internet governance scene. He meticulously reports on, and then deconstructs, ongoing governance developments along the cyber-frontier. He is, in effect, a sort of de Tocqueville for cyberspace; an outsider looking in and asking questions about what makes this new world tick. Fifty years from now, when historians look back on the opening era of Internet governance squabbles, Milton Mueller's work will be among the first things they consult.
Mueller's goal in "Networks and States" is two-fold and has both an empirical and normative element. First, he aims to extend his exploration of the actors and forces affecting Internet governance debates and then develop a framework and taxonomy to better map and understand these forces and actors. He does a wonderful job on that front, even though many Net governance issues (especially those related to domain name system issues and ICANN) can be incredibly boring. Mueller finds a way to make them far more interesting, especially by helping to familiarize the reader with the personalities and organizations that increasingly dominate these debates and the issues and principles that drive their actions or activism.
Mueller's second goal in "Networks and States" is to breathe new life into the old cyber-libertarian philosophy that was more prevalent during the Net's founding era but has lost favor today. Mueller says his "normative stance is rooted in the Internet's early promise of unfettered and borderless global communication, and its largely accidental and temporary escape from traditional institutional mechanisms of control." Mueller makes a convincing case for giving cyber-libertarianism, or what he calls "denationalized liberalism," another chance; a chance that it really never had. "At its core," Mueller continues, "denationalized liberalism favors a universal right to receive and impart information regardless of frontiers, and sees freedom to communicate and exchange information as fundamental and primary elements of human choice and political and social activity." Moreover, "this ideology holds a presumption in favor of networked, associative relations over hierarchical relations as a mode of transnational governance," he argues. "Governance should emerge primarily as a byproduct of many unilateral and bilateral decisions by its members to exchange or negotiate with other members (or refuse to do so)." Finally, he says, "a denationalized liberalism strives to make Internet users and suppliers an autonomous, global polity." In essence, it's about free will, freedom of action, and freedom of association. It's essentially classical liberalism for the Information Age. Mueller admits that "such an ideology needs to answer tough questions about when hierarchical exercises of power are justified and through which instruments they are exercised." But he continues on to make the case for "question[ing] the scope of national sovereignty over communications." "The governance of the Internet needs to explicitly recognize and embrace the principle that there are limits to national sovereignty over the flow of information," he says.
Mueller makes two additional crucial points in formulating his normative approach. First, he argues that from the perspective of Internet governance and individual rights, it is almost impossible to imagine an expansion of global Net governance for speech that does not also entail more significant economic regulation, or vice-versa. Second, he notes that "Denationalized liberalism embraces both property and commons and seeks to leverage their complementarities. It recognizes the coexistence and interdependence of markets, exclusive property rights, and shared/unowned resources in communication and information. It rejects the false idea that commons and property are mutually exclusive, totalizing principles for economic organization, seeing them instead as distinctive methods of organizing access to resources with their own virtues and failings." In other words, a proper understanding of cyber-libertarianism or denationalized liberalism shows that it is fundamentally agnostic as it pertains to proprietary versus commons-based form of production.
Mueller has made a beautiful case for cyber-libertarianism and he has given the movement its marching orders: "In short, we need to find ways to translate classical liberal rights and freedom into a governance framework suitable for the global Internet. There can be no cyberliberty without a political movement to define, defend, and institutionalize individual rights and freedoms on a transnational scale."
Even if you aren't compelled to join the cause, however, I highly recommend you pick up Mueller's "Network and States," anyway. It's a terrific survey of the current state of Internet governance and an important work of political science since it offers us a useful spectrum of Net governance viewpoints. It belongs on the bookshelf of every serious student of cyberlaw and information technology policy.Networks and States: The Global Politics of Internet Governance (Information Revolution and Global Politics) Overview

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