Showing posts with label information security. Show all posts
Showing posts with label information security. Show all posts

Handbook of Digital Forensics and Investigation Review

Handbook of Digital Forensics and Investigation
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Handbook of Digital Forensics and Investigation ReviewThis book has become one of my three "go to" books when it comes to digital forensics along with Brian Carrier's File System Forensic Analysis and Harlan Carvey's Windows Forensic Analysis DVD Toolkit, Second Edition.
Don't skip Rob Lee's excellent forward to this book. Lee crafts a very concise explanation of how the digital forensics field is growing and evolving.
Eoghan Casey's introduction further expands on the theme with a very thoughtful analysis of the current state of digital forensics and how the scientific method can and should be applied to our field. In this section, Casey begins to bring out one of the primary themes of the first portion of the book which is that there are different aspects to digital forensics that can be summarized in the three main disciplines of traditional forensic analysis, electronic discovery and intrusion investigation.
The first part of the book (chapters two through four) is devoted to exploring the three disciplines by devoting a chapter to each one. These individual chapters are exemplary overviews of each of the disciplines.
Chapter two is one of the finest overviews that I've seen regarding digital forensics. Casey and Curtis Rose provide set what will be a persistent theme in the book which imparting technical information in a very approachable manner, but also in a relatively short amount of space. This chapter builds and expands on Casey's invocation of the scientific method and it's role in forensic analysis via a thorough explanation of forensic analysis that is well illustrated by a sample case scenario created by the authors to help explain their methodology.
Chapter three is a fantastic overview of e-discovery and coupled with chapter two provides an effective answer to the question of what the difference is between electronic discovery and forensic analysis. Chapter three shouldn't be dismissed as an overview, however. The authors put forth quite a bit of effort in explaining some tactical level issues such as how to properly interview an evidence custodian to determine the universe of data that might be relevant to a particular matter and how to use various tools to capture data.
Chapter four provides a detailed overview of intrusion investigations using the incident response life cycle. Similar to chapter three, this chapter not only provides an expert overview of the life cycle, but also provides the reader with tactical level advice such as the use of timeline analysis to assist a responder with an incident handling scenario. Like chapter two, the authors use investigative scenarios to illustrate their points.
The second half of the book is more tactical in nature and will have great appeal to both the experience practitioner and those who are merely curious about digital forensics. As in the first half of this book, the authors and their editor Casey, take great pains to make sometimes very technical information approachable to all audiences.

Chapter five is the section on Windows forensic analysis. Authors Ryan Pittman and David Shaver provide probably the most concise, yet effective overview of Windows forensic analysis that I've read recently especially given the fact that they have just a chapter in which to do their work. At the time the chapter was written, the authors had access to early versions of Windows 7 so the chapter spends a certain amount of time comparing and contrasting the differences between Windows XP compared to Vista\Windows 7. The authors also provide a very effective overview of traditional forensic artifacts such as $MFT artifacts and registry artifacts. While this chapter doesn't serve as a replacement for the Carrier and Carvey books, it's an examplary primer for those just starting in Windows forensic analysis and an excellent "cheat sheet" for more experienced practitioners. This is not to say that the authors are merely rehashing existing data. Far from it. Even an experienced examiner is likely to learn new information by reading their work. They, for example, put a lot of effort into explaining data destruction, file deletion and defragmentation. It's amazing how much content they managed to include in this chapter.
Chapter six continues on the theme of packing a lot of information into a short amount of space, but doing so in an approachable manner. This chapter on UNIX Forensic Analysis includes at it's beginning a very helpful explanation of the Unix and Linux worlds. Like chapter five the authors provide valuable information on the inner workings of file system forensic analysis as well as well as more application level artifacts such as Firefox browser analysis and chat analysis. A nice bonus is that this chapter also covers removable media analysis. Most work that I have seen in this area has been relative to Windows operating systems so it was good to see this content for a non-Windows operating system. The authors also spend quite a few pages on the examination of email artifacts which is also a welcome addition.
Anthony Kokocinski's Macintosh Forensic Analysis makes up Chapter seven. Given that this is a weakness in my individual skill set, I learned an incredible amount from this chapter. Kokocinski continues the overall theme of the book in that he presents his knowledge on the subject in a very approachable manner. Kokocinski also includes a detailed section on popular Mac applications such as Safari, iCal, Mail, etc.
Chapter eight is Ronald van der Knijff's amazing chapter on embedded system analysis. In a book this good, it's hard to pick a chapter that can be considered a highlight, but this chapter would be a top contender. It covers a wide area of devices from traditional technological tools such as cellphones and GPS systems to devices such as parking meters and pacemakers. The chapter provides a solid overview of the various technologies that comprise this wide range of devices, but also delves into tactical matters such as how to preserve and even repair damaged devices that might contain useful data.
Chapter nine is the excellent and extensive network investigation chapter. Like the previous chapters, this is a more tactical treatment of a subject that is introduce earlier in the book and is an excellent overview how to practically apply the themes introduced in chapter four. The chapter includes an overview of TCP/IP networking down that includes an explanation of the structure of an Ethernet frame and TCP/IP packet headers. The authors make extensive use of the Wireshark tool which makes it easy for a student of network investigations to emulate the work being done as part of their overall learning experience. The later portions of the chapter delve into the work of investigating networking technologies such as Cisco routers. The Cisco section includes an overview of how to use Cisco IOS to help facilitate a network investigation.
Chapter ten is an amazing chapter on mobile network investigations put together by Dario Forte and Andrea de Donno. As it's title suggestion, this isn't a chapter on the examination of digital communication devices such as cell phones, but how to understand and investigate the network environments in which they operate. The authors deal with such issues as determining the location of particular devices, what networking data might be available and the interception of data. As one would expect with a chapter such as this, the authors also cover legal issues with an emphasis on relevant EU legislation.
Full Disclosure: While I haven't had the privilege of meeting most of the authors of this excellent book, I'm honored to have connections with some of the authors including, but not limited to, being on a board with Rob Lee and Eoghan Casey.Handbook of Digital Forensics and Investigation Overview

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iPhone and iOS Forensics: Investigation, Analysis and Mobile Security for Apple iPhone, iPad and iOS Devices Review

iPhone and iOS Forensics: Investigation, Analysis and Mobile Security for Apple iPhone, iPad and iOS Devices
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iPhone and iOS Forensics: Investigation, Analysis and Mobile Security for Apple iPhone, iPad and iOS Devices ReviewAndrew Hoog and Katie Strzempka turn out a first class effort as they take the reader through the world of iOS forensics and security. This book is appropriate for digital forensics examiners and incident responders of any level. As an added bonus, the iOS data security coverage makes it a nice option for those who are trying to decide if iOS devices are the right fit for their organization from a security standpoint.
This book provides a comprehensive view of the iOS forensics world. It handles the topic of acquisition in the manner that readers of good digital forensics books would expect. The authors speak clearly and at length about the various options to acquire data using a variety of methods that result in the logical and physical acquisition of data. They also spend an entire chapter on the topic of iOS data security which would likely be of great interest to those who aren't necessarily in the incident response and forensics world, but are interested in learning more about the security ramifications of introducing these devices into their environment. This book not only describes a variety of important security issues such as application security, but also provides recommended methods to best secure these devices.
It was the analytical portion of the book that I found to be the most impressive. The authors put forth an exemplary effort explaining the structure of the operating system and select applications using open source tools. I appreciated that the authors decision to handle the analytical portion of the book using an open source approach rather than teaching it through the prism of the paid tools. At times, this book felt like the iOS version of Digital Forensics with Open Source Tools given all of the references to classic open source tools like scalpel and The Sleuth Kit. Those who don't have the money for the more expensive commercial tools will appreciate this approach as they will be able to immediately implement what they are learning without being hobbled by lack of a tool budget.
The authors don't ignore the commercial tools, however. Chapter 7 is devoted to testing a wide variety of commercial tools against a test data set from a 3G iPhone. This section of the book is well done and provides the reader with a solid overview of the various tools along with a decent amount of screen shots. Unfortunately, the image quality of some the screenshots for my Kindle edition of the book (which I tested on several different devices) was sometimes lacking which caused me to remove a star from the review of the book. For example, the results for the testing of Cellebrite UFED were very difficult to read.
Taken as a whole, I strongly recommend this book to anyone who is interested in iOS digital forensics, incident response, and general security issues. My recommendation for anyone who is interested in the subject matter is to start with this book first and then decide if they need to read any other books. This book feels as close to one stop shopping as you will find at the present time which should help take the edge off the high price of the book.
iPhone and iOS Forensics: Investigation, Analysis and Mobile Security for Apple iPhone, iPad and iOS Devices Overview

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Google Hacking for Penetration Testers Review

Google Hacking for Penetration Testers
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Google Hacking for Penetration Testers ReviewThis review mainly focuses on evaluating how valuable is to get a copy of "Google Hacking for Penetration Testers - VOLUME 2" if you already own a copy of the first edition, and the scores rates exactly that. If you don't have neither of them, I strongly encourage you to acquire Volume 2 (see details below), no matter what area of the information security field you work in (and specially if you are a penetration tester), as the contents affect to you in multiple ways. On my day-to-day security consulting practice, I'm still very surprised about how many IT people don't know about these techniques. The book is a masterpiece for information disclosure and mining from public sources, such as (but not only) Google. If I had to evaluate the book on itself, not comparing between editions, it would definitely get a score of 5/5.
The first edition was released in 2005 and opened the world of the Google Hacking techniques to the general public, together with the GHDB. The second edition title is (at least) confusing, as Volume 2 seems to denote it is a complementary book to the first edition. It is not, so I do not recommend you to get the first edition today. Volume 2, or the second edition as it should have been called, has been thoroughly updated (including most of the screenshots) to cover the latest changes and Google applications. I did a major update to the SANS "Power Search with Google" course on the first half of 2006, when some of the new Google functionality (not in the first edition) was already available. The second edition reflects those updates I identified and put back together then, even the tiny ones, such as the maximum search terms, that changed from 10 to 32. Additionally, all the statistical references, covering number of results returned by Google, and main contents have been reviewed and updated to reflect the current state of the art.
Some chapters have been kept from the previous edition (chapters 1 to 3, and chapters 6 to 9, and chapter 12), although they have suffered updates. Others have been moved (such as the old chapter 10, now chapter 4) or redesigned (like the new chapter 5). Besides, there are brand new chapters, like 10 and 11.
I specially like the updates on chapter 5, with the new tools and scripts to query Google and, specially, to parse and process the results, including several Perl and User-Agent tricks. The book, obviously, covers the Google API changes and provides solutions to overcome them, such as Aura. Chapters 6 and 8 include relevant updates to the Google code search engine and new capabilities to locate malware and binaries, plus new techniques to track down login portals and network embedded devices and reports, respectively.
The new chapter 10 is a great reference covering the new Google services from a hacking and "malicious" perspective. It is a required update given the pace Google releases new functionality and information sources, such as the AJAX capabilities and API, the source code search engine, calendar, blogger, and alert services.
The new chapter 11, "Google Hacking Showcase", includes the real-world Google Hacking samples and cases Johnny Long has been presenting in several hacking conferences during the last years. A found having a printed copy of it within the book very valuable, as it is an eye-opener, and it is a fun read. Definitely, if you have not seen Johnny's presentations and talks, I encourage you to access the archives from BlackHat and DefCon and enjoy them.
Finally, chapter 12 (the old chapter 11), covers new techniques and tools from a defensive perspective. The new additions increase the defender arsenal in order to mitigate the old and new threats covered throughout the book.
The influence of multiple authors in this edition is evident, something good for the new contents and material, but not so good for the chapter layout, as some do not follow the original format with a final summary, solutions, links and FAQ. Chapter 10 is a good example of both.
The complementary appendixes from the first edition, not directly relevant to the book topic from my perspective, have been removed. Overall, I feel some of the waffle has been left out, a smart decision (but not always easy) in order to keep the book size reasonable, and make room for the new contents.
I would like to see some of the pages that simply provide long listings from the GHDB moved to an appendix and simply referenced from the associated chapter. It might be useful to have these lists full of query samples on the book, but not just in the middle of a chapter. Another improvement would be to have a book webpage consolidating all the code samples, such as the Blogger submission script, as I'm not sure they are all available on a single website.
To sum up, if you don't have a copy of this book, go and buy Volume 2! (not to mention Johnny's involvement with charities). If you are a professional penetration tester, the new material in this second edition is highly recommended, so update your shelves and start applying the new contents on your daily practice. If you are an infosec pro, not directly involved in Google Hacking tasks, and you already own a copy of the first edition, I think you do not need Volume 2, as you already understand the threat, risks, and what is all this about.
At some point I was almost involved in co-authoring this 2nd edition, but finally it didn't happened. A pity, as definitely, this is one of today's reference books that should be on any infosec shelves.Google Hacking for Penetration Testers Overview

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Gray Hat Hacking The Ethical Hackers Handbook, 3rd Edition Review

Gray Hat Hacking The Ethical Hackers Handbook, 3rd Edition
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Gray Hat Hacking The Ethical Hackers Handbook, 3rd Edition ReviewCritical reviews are my least favorite aspect of my Amazon experience, but I believe readers expect me to be honest with them. Gray Hat Hacking, 3rd Ed (GHH3E) has a lot of potential, but it needs a reboot and a ruthless editor. I read and reviewed the original edition 6 1/2 years ago but skipped the 2nd Ed. This 3rd Ed (published in Jan 2011) features several exceptionally talented authors (such as Allen Harper and Chris Eagle), so my expectations remained high. Unfortunately, after finishing the book I had collected a pile of notes that I will try to transform into constructive commentary for a 4th Ed, which I would enjoy seeing!
The GHH team needs to revisit first principles and decide just what it is trying to accomplish. I recommend the authors ditch the first three chapters, or radically concentrate on the ethical disclosure debate. The rest of the so-called legal material reads like a brain dump, almost like a blog post that never finishes. In some cases the authors of the sections stray from their topic, such as the "Vendors Paying More Attention" section on p 71. Cut it out! Be ruthless! Similarly, the section on social engineering (ch 4) needs a major overhaul if it is to survive into the next edition.
Other chapters have issues. Ch 7, on BackTrack, is basically just installation instructions. Ch 17 only devotes 17 pages to Web app security; either remove it or add substantially to the material. Ch 18 is supposed to be about VoIP, but it's mainly a discussion of the VoIPER tool. Ch 19 is supposed to be about SCADA attacks, but it's really just talk of the Autodafe and TFTPFuzz tools. In ch 28, the author doesn't explain how Nepenthes acquires a malware sample, besides letting it run on a cable network for a few weeks. Having deployed Nepenthes I know how it works, but I expect a reader who wants to learn about Nepenthes would want to understand it based on the text he or she bought.
The organization of the book needs an overhaul too. It seems to promote a progress of less complicated to more complicated, but at this point it needs to be reconstructed in a fourth edition. Why does Part IV, Vulnerability Analysis, follow Part III, Exploiting? Doesn't exploiting require doing vulnerability analysis? In other cases, material seems redundant. Ch 28 and ch 29 cover similar material but are likely by different authors; I recommend combining them and dropping duplicate material.
For me, some of the chapters are on the right track and could lead the fourth edition to a more solid foundation. I recommend expanding Ch 16 (featuring nice coverage of a .pdf exploit). I would really like to see a chapter or more on Javascript for malicious purposes. Overall, I think the GHH team could be very successful if they looked for topics not covered in other books, and addressed those issues in GHH4E. Why try to summarize coding in C, assembly, Python, etc., into a chapter, when other subjects (like Javascript for the hacker/analyst) aren't really explained in any other book? Similarly, it's probably not necessary to cover social engineering, BackTrack, or Metasploit now that individual books are devoted to those concepts.
There's a lot of good technical information in GHH3E, but I don't see myself recommending it to analysts in a CIRT or similar group. I think if the book rebooted with a focus on specialized material not found elsewhere, leveraging the talents of people like Harper and Allen, GHH4E would be THE book to buy on those topics.Gray Hat Hacking The Ethical Hackers Handbook, 3rd Edition Overview

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Malware Analyst's Cookbook and DVD: Tools and Techniques for Fighting Malicious Code Review

Malware Analyst's Cookbook and DVD: Tools and Techniques for Fighting Malicious Code
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Malware Analyst's Cookbook and DVD: Tools and Techniques for Fighting Malicious Code ReviewI have just received this book and have not yet worked my way through all the chapters, but I have reviewed the contents and tool DVD. I teach college classes on Network and Computer forensics from a survey level through a hard-core programming level. I have likely purchased or been sent most of the books in this area, and this book does stand out for the following reasons.
1. The material is up-to-date. Tools and malware resources change on an almost daily basis and you need to get books that reflect current resources and best practices. This book does a very good job covering the current tools and resources. It provides the web addresses for the various tools and resources discussed in each chapter. It also refers to current research, articles, and conference material in the areas covered in the chapters.
2. The topics covered are comprehensive. The book includes topics on anonymizing (the first chapter), classifying malware, shellcode, DLL code injection, debugging, how to safely run malware in a virtual environment, dumping memory and memory forensics, debugging kernel code, etc. The topics are collected into 18 chapters and are very complete.
3. The focus of this book is performing analysis of malware (which includes a wide variety of exploit types) and creating/using the tools to perform this analysis. Numerous examples are given showing how the analysis can be done, and some background information is presented as needed.
4. The book assumes the reader has brains. Too many "Computer Forensics" books are a waste of time for someone that already has a background in programming, networking, etc. They (the other Forensics books) often start their discussion of Network Forensics with a definition of what a network is ("A network sends packets between computers..."). Give me a break. This book assumes the reader already has a level of knowledge that is appropriate to anyone really working in this field. However, the authors do a good job explaining what needs to be explained in the course of presenting the topics. They don't talk down to the reader.
5. The book has a wealth of examples. Each chapter presents the topics by showing examples as well as showing how to get and install the necessary tools.
6. The book balances using pre-written tools with create-your-own tools. The latter include scripts in Python and programs in C/C++. The authors indicate where to get various relevant libraries which can be used to create or customize tools. This book is not just a collection of tools, but shows how to use the tools, analysis techniques, etc.
7. The book is very reasonably priced for the quality of content and the extra DVD. The price from Amazon is under $40 and the retail price is about $60. However, even at $60 this book is a bargain. Even if you just used the web addresses for the lists of tools presented in each chapter, the amount of time would take to locate and document the huge number of forensics/hacking tools presented in this book, is worth more than the book's price.
8. The book presents a huge amount of material. Almost every page is crammed with information and examples. Frankly, this book presents more information in one chapter than most other books do in their entirety, and this book has 18 chapters. The chapters are written so they are independent of each other and you can select the chapter you want to work through without reading previous chapters.
9. The tool focus is open-source and platform independent. The authors stay with open-source tools and try to reference tools that can run on both Linux and Windows. However, they also use the best tools available for a specific task, even if the tool only runs under Linux or only under Windows.
Reader Background:
There are enough varied topics in this book that readers with different levels of knowledge can benefit. The authors assume the reader has a background in basic networking, understands operating systems (both Windows and Unix), understands programming (Python, C/C++, Assembly), and understand processor basics (registers, the stack, etc). However, these assumptions are not barriers to getting something out of this book. Beginners will find the book too difficult, but would profit by just downloading the various tools referenced in the chapters.
Bottom line:
* If you are doing forensic analysis on Malware you should purchase this book (for the chapters on debugging, memory forensics, and malware forensics)
* If you are working in the network/computer security area you should purchase this book (for the chapters on setting up a malware lab, classifying malware, and setting up a malware sandbox)
* If you are interested in the programming aspects of malware you should purchase this book (for the chapters on DLLs and debugging malware code and on code injection)
* If (and I hesitate to include this) you want to be a hacker you should purchase this book and read the entire thing.
Malware Analyst's Cookbook and DVD: Tools and Techniques for Fighting Malicious Code Overview

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